Nama: Alfyna Laila Yusnita
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Introduction to Photography: The Universal Language
What Is Photography?
Photography is the art of capturing light with a camera, usually via a digital sensor or film, to create an image. With the right camera equipment, you can even photograph wavelengths of light invisible to the human eye, including UV, infrared, and radio.
The first permanent photograph was captured in 1826 (some sources say 1827) by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in France. It shows the roof of a building lit by the sun.
A Brief History of Photography and the People Who Made It Succeed
Color photography started to become popular and accessible with the release of Eastman Kodak’s “Kodachrome” film in the 1930s. Before that, almost all photos were monochromatic – although a handful of photographers, toeing the line between chemists and alchemists, had been using specialized techniques to capture color images for decades before. You’ll find some fascinating galleries of photos from the 1800s or early 1900s captured in full color, worth exploring if you have not seen them already.
So, below, you’ll find a brief introduction to some of photography’s most important names. Their discoveries, creations, ideas, and photographs shape our own pictures to this day, subtly or not. Although this is just a brief bird’s-eye view, these nonetheless are people you should know before you step into the technical side of photography:
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
Invention: The first permanent photograph (“View from the Window at Le Gras,” shown earlier)
Where: France, 1826
Impact: Cameras had already existed for centuries before this, but they had one major flaw: You couldn’t record a photo with them! They simply projected light onto a separate surface – one which artists used to create realistic paintings, but not strictly photographs. Niépce solved this problem by coating a pewter plate with, essentially, asphalt, which grew harder when exposed to light. By washing the plate with lavender oil, he was able to fix the hardened substance permanently to the plate.
Quote: “The discovery I have made, and which I call Heliography, consists in reproducing spontaneously, by the action of light, with gradations of tints from black to white, the images received in the camera obscura.” Mic drop.
Louis Daguerre
Invention: The Daguerreotype (first commercial photographic material)
Where: France, 1839
Impact: Daguerreotypes are images fixed directly to a heavily polished sheet of silver-plated copper. This invention is what really made photography a practical reality – although it was still just an expensive curiosity to many people at this point. The first time you see a daguerreotype in person, you may be surprised just how sharp it is.
Quote: “I have seized the light. I have arrested its flight.”
What Is the Bare Minimum Gear Needed for Photography?
Camera. If you buy a dedicated camera (rather than a phone), pick one with interchangeable lenses so that you can try out different types of photography more easily. Read reviews, but don’t obsess over them, because everything available today is pretty much equally good as its competition. Find a nice deal and move on.
Lenses. This is where it counts. For everyday photography, start with a standard zoom lens like a 24-70mm or 18-55mm. For portrait photography, pick a prime lens (one that doesn’t zoom) at 35mm, 50mm, or 85mm. For sports, go with a telephoto lens. For macro photography, get a dedicated macro lens. And so on. Lenses matter more than any other piece of equipment because they determine what photos you can take in the first place.
Post-processing software. One way or another, you need to edit your photos. It’s ok to start with software already on your computer, or software that comes with your camera. But in the long run, a dedicated program will do a better job.
Everything else is optional, but can be very helpful:
A tripod. A landscape photographer’s best friend.
Bags. Get a shoulder bag for street photography, a rolling bag for studio photography, a technical hiking backpack for landscape photography, and so on.
Memory cards. Choose something in the 64-128 GB range to start. Get a fast card (measured in MB/second) if you shoot bursts of photos, since your camera’s memory will clear faster.
Extra batteries. Get at least one spare battery to start, preferably two. Off-brand batteries are usually cheaper, although they may not last as long or maintain compatibility with future cameras.
Polarizing filter. This is a big one, especially for landscape photographers. Don’t get a cheap polarizer or it will harm your image quality. We recommend the B+W Kaesemann filter (of the same thread size as your lens).
Flash. Flashes can be expensive, and you might need to buy a separate transmitter and receiver if you want to use your flash off-camera. But for genres like portrait photography or macro photography, they’re indispensable.
Cleaning kit. The top item is a microfiber cloth to keep the front of your lens clean. Also get a rocket blower to remove dust from your camera sensor more easily.
The Three Fundamental Camera Settings You Should Know
The three most important settings are called shutter speed, aperture, and ISO. All three of them control the brightness of your photo, although they do so in different ways. In other words, each brings its own “side effects” to an image. So, it’s a bit of an art to know exactly how to balance all three for a given photo.
Shutter speed: The amount of time your camera sensor is exposed to the outside world while taking a picture.
Aperture: Represents a “pupil” in your lens that can open and close to let in different amounts of light.
ISO: Technically a bit more complex behind the scenes, but similar to the sensitivity of film for taking pictures in different lighting conditions. Also similar to brightening or darkening a photo in post-processing.
How can I learn photography?
You can learn photography from many books and online resources. A lot of information related to photography can be obtained for free in the forms of articles and videos. This article is a part of photography basics series, which is provided by Photography Life for free to everyone.
2. a. What: what is photography?
Answer: Photography is the art of capturing light with a camera, usually via a digital sensor or film, to create an image.
b. What: what does shutter speed mean?
Answer: The amount of time your camera sensor is exposed to the outside world while taking a picture.
a. Who: Who invented the first permanent photo?
Answer: Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
b. Who: who invented The Daguerreotype?
Answer: Louis dagguere
a. Where: Where does Niepce make permanent photos?
Answer: France
b. Where: where is the Daguerreotype found?
Answer: France
a. When: when was the Daguerreotype discovered?
Answer: in 1839
b. when: was the Daguerreotype discovered?
Answer: In 1839
a. Why: why iso, shutter speed, and aperture are the most important settings?
Answer: All three of them control the brightness of your photo, although they do so in different ways. In other words, each brings its own “side effects” to an image.
b. Why: Why is it not recommended to buy a cheap polarizer?
Answer: it will harm your image quality.
a. How: How can I learn photography?
Answer: You can learn photography from many books and online resources.
b. How: How does Niepce make permanent photos?
Answer: By washing the plate with lavender oil, he was able to fix the hardened substance permanently to the plate.
3. a. Passive: The first permanent photograph was captured in 1826 by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in France.
Active: Niepce captured the first permanent photograph in 1826 in France.
b. Active: So, below, you’ll find a brief introduction to some of photography’s most important names.
Passive: some photography's names can be found below.
c. Active: I have seized the light.
Passive: the light has been taken by me.
d. Active: I have arrested its flight.
Passive: flight has been caught by me.
e. Active: you need to edit your photos.
Passive: photo needs to be edited by you.
f. Passive: Wavelengths that are invisible to the human eye can even be photographed by you.
Active: you can even photograph wavelengths of light invisible to the human eye.
g. Passive: software from the company others can be purchased by you.
Active: can buy standalone software from another company if you prefer.
h. Active: Niépce solved this problem.
Passive: this problem is solved by niepce.
4. Verbal:
a. Photography is the art of capturing light with a camera, usually via a digital sensor or film, to create an image.
b. The first permanent photograph was captured in 1826 (some sources say 1827) by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in France.
c. By washing the plate with lavender oil.
d. You couldn’t record a photo with them.
e. you need to edit your photos.
f. You can learn photography from many books and online resources.
g. but similar to the sensitivity of film for taking pictures in different lighting conditions.
h. If you buy a dedicated camera.
i. Niépce solved this problem.
j. The amount of time your camera sensor is exposed to the outside world while taking a picture.
Nominal:
a. Cameras had already existed for centuries before this.
b. the images received in the camera obscura.
c. pick one with interchangeable lenses so that you can try out different types of photography more easily.
d. For everyday photography, start with a standard zoom lens like a 24-70mm or 18-55mm.
e. It’s ok to start with software already on your computer.
f. Get a shoulder bag for street photography.
g. Get at least one spare battery to start, preferably two.
h. Flashes can be expensive.
i. Don’t get a cheap polarizer or it will harm your image quality.
J. Memory cards. Choose something in the 64-128 GB range to start.
5. a. Past tenses: The first permanent photograph was captured in 1826.
b. Past tenses: Color photography started to become popular and accessible with the release of Eastman Kodak’s “Kodachrome” film in the 1930s.
c. Past perfect tenses: Cameras had already existed for centuries before this.
d. Simple past tenses: Niépce solved this problem.
e. Simple present tenses: Your camera has dozens of buttons and menu options.
f. present perfect tenses: You can learn photography from many books and online resources.
g. Simple present tense: The three most important settings are called shutter speed, aperture, and ISO.
h. Present perfect tenses: I have seized the light. I have arrested its flight.
i. Simple present tenses: Daguerreotypes are images fixed directly to a heavily polished sheet of silver-plated copper.
J. Simple past tenses: the images received in the camera obscura.
6. -wavelengths: panjang gelombang
-centuries: abad
-almost: hampir
-although: meskipun
-arrested: ditangkap
-equally: sama
-interchangeable: dapat diganti
-determine: menentukan
-compatibility: kesesuaian
-obtained: diperoleh
7. Pengantar Fotografi: Bahasa Universal
Apa itu Fotografi?
Fotografi adalah seni menangkap cahaya dengan kamera, biasanya melalui sensor digital atau film, untuk membuat gambar. Dengan peralatan kamera yang tepat, Anda bahkan dapat memotret panjang gelombang cahaya yang tidak terlihat oleh mata manusia, termasuk UV, inframerah, dan radio.
Foto permanen pertama diambil pada tahun 1826 (beberapa sumber mengatakan 1827) oleh Joseph Nicéphore Niépce di Prancis. Ini menunjukkan atap sebuah bangunan yang diterangi matahari.
Sejarah Singkat Fotografi dan Orang-Orang yang Membuatnya Sukses
Fotografi berwarna mulai menjadi populer dan dapat diakses dengan dirilisnya film “Kodachrome” karya Eastman Kodak pada tahun 1930-an. Sebelum itu, hampir semua foto bersifat monokromatik – meskipun segelintir fotografer, yang mengikuti garis antara ahli kimia dan alkemis, telah menggunakan teknik khusus untuk menangkap gambar berwarna selama beberapa dekade sebelumnya. Anda akan menemukan beberapa galeri foto menarik dari tahun 1800-an atau awal 1900-an yang diambil dalam warna penuh, layak untuk ditelusuri jika Anda belum pernah melihatnya.
Jadi, di bawah ini, Anda akan menemukan pengenalan singkat untuk beberapa nama fotografi yang paling penting. Penemuan, kreasi, ide, dan foto mereka membentuk gambar kita sendiri hingga hari ini, secara halus atau tidak. Meskipun ini hanya pandangan sekilas, ini adalah orang-orang yang harus Anda kenal sebelum melangkah ke sisi teknis fotografi:
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
Penemuan: Foto permanen pertama (“Pemandangan dari Jendela di Le Gras,” ditunjukkan sebelumnya)
Dimana: Perancis, 1826
Dampak: Kamera sudah ada selama berabad-abad sebelum ini, tetapi mereka memiliki satu kelemahan utama: Anda tidak dapat merekam foto dengannya! Mereka hanya memproyeksikan cahaya ke permukaan yang terpisah - yang digunakan seniman untuk membuat lukisan realistis, tetapi tidak sepenuhnya foto. Niépce memecahkan masalah ini dengan melapisi pelat timah dengan, pada dasarnya, aspal, yang menjadi lebih keras saat terkena cahaya. Dengan mencuci piring dengan minyak lavender, ia dapat menempelkan zat yang mengeras secara permanen ke piring.
Quote: “Penemuan yang saya buat, dan yang saya sebut Heliografi, terdiri dari reproduksi secara spontan, dengan aksi cahaya, dengan gradasi warna dari hitam ke putih, gambar yang diterima di kamera obscura.” Mikrofon jatuh.
Louis Daguerre
Penemuan: The Daguerreotype (bahan fotografi komersial pertama)
Dimana: Perancis, 1839
Dampak: Daguerreotypes adalah gambar yang dipasang langsung pada lembaran tembaga berlapis perak yang dipoles tebal. Penemuan inilah yang benar-benar membuat fotografi menjadi kenyataan praktis – meskipun pada saat ini masih merupakan keingintahuan yang mahal bagi banyak orang. Pertama kali Anda melihat daguerreotype secara langsung, Anda mungkin akan terkejut betapa tajamnya itu.
Kutipan: “Saya telah merebut cahaya. Saya telah menangkap penerbangannya. ”
Apa Perlengkapan Minimum yang Dibutuhkan untuk Fotografi?
Kamera. Jika Anda membeli kamera khusus (bukan ponsel), pilih kamera dengan lensa yang dapat diganti sehingga Anda dapat mencoba berbagai jenis fotografi dengan lebih mudah. Baca ulasan, tetapi jangan terobsesi, karena semua yang tersedia saat ini hampir sama bagusnya dengan pesaingnya. Temukan kesepakatan yang bagus dan lanjutkan.
Lensa. Ini adalah di mana itu penting. Untuk fotografi sehari-hari, mulailah dengan lensa zoom standar seperti 24-70mm atau 18-55mm. Untuk fotografi potret, pilih lensa prima (yang tidak memperbesar) pada 35mm, 50mm, atau 85mm. Untuk olahraga, gunakan lensa telefoto. Untuk fotografi makro, dapatkan lensa makro khusus. Dan seterusnya. Lensa lebih penting daripada peralatan lainnya karena lensa menentukan foto apa yang dapat Anda ambil.
Perangkat lunak pasca-pemrosesan. Dengan satu atau lain cara, Anda perlu mengedit foto Anda. Tidak apa-apa untuk memulai dengan perangkat lunak yang sudah ada di komputer Anda, atau perangkat lunak yang disertakan dengan kamera Anda.
Segala sesuatu yang lain adalah opsional, tetapi bisa sangat membantu:
Tripod. Sahabat terbaik seorang fotografer lanskap.
Tas. Dapatkan tas bahu untuk fotografi jalanan, tas bergulir untuk fotografi studio, tas ransel hiking teknis untuk fotografi lanskap, dan sebagainya.
Kartu memori. Pilih sesuatu dalam kisaran 64-128 GB untuk memulai. Dapatkan kartu cepat (diukur dalam MB/detik) jika Anda memotret semburan foto, karena memori kamera Anda akan lebih cepat dibersihkan.
Baterai ekstra. Dapatkan setidaknya satu baterai cadangan untuk memulai, sebaiknya dua. Baterai di luar merek biasanya lebih murah, meskipun mungkin tidak bertahan lama atau mempertahankan kompatibilitas dengan kamera masa depan.
Filter polarisasi. Ini adalah salah satu yang besar, terutama untuk fotografer lanskap. Jangan membeli polarizer yang murah karena akan merusak kualitas gambar Anda. Kami merekomendasikan filter B+W Kaesemann (dengan ukuran benang yang sama dengan lensa Anda).
Flash. Lampu kilat bisa mahal, dan Anda mungkin perlu membeli pemancar dan penerima terpisah jika Anda ingin menggunakan lampu kilat di luar kamera. Tetapi untuk genre seperti fotografi potret atau fotografi makro, mereka sangat diperlukan.
Paket pembersih. Item teratas adalah kain mikrofiber untuk menjaga bagian depan lensa Anda tetap bersih. Dapatkan juga peniup roket untuk menghilangkan debu dari sensor kamera Anda dengan lebih mudah.
Tiga Pengaturan Kamera Dasar yang Harus Anda Ketahui
Kamera Anda memiliki lusinan tombol dan opsi menu, bahkan ratusan. Bagaimana Anda memahami semua opsi ini? Dan bagaimana Anda melakukannya dengan cepat di lapangan?
Tiga pengaturan paling penting disebut kecepatan rana, bukaan, dan ISO. Ketiganya mengontrol kecerahan foto Anda, meskipun mereka melakukannya dengan cara yang berbeda. Dengan kata lain, masing-masing membawa “efek samping” tersendiri pada sebuah gambar. Jadi, sedikit seni untuk mengetahui dengan tepat bagaimana menyeimbangkan ketiganya untuk foto tertentu.
Kecepatan rana: Jumlah waktu sensor kamera Anda terpapar ke dunia luar saat mengambil gambar.
Aperture: Mewakili "pupil" di lensa Anda yang dapat membuka dan menutup untuk membiarkan jumlah cahaya yang berbeda.
ISO: Secara teknis sedikit lebih rumit di belakang layar, tetapi mirip dengan sensitivitas film untuk mengambil gambar dalam kondisi pencahayaan yang berbeda. Juga mirip dengan mencerahkan atau menggelapkan foto di pasca-pemrosesan.
Bagaimana saya bisa belajar fotografi?
Anda dapat belajar fotografi dari banyak buku dan sumber online. Banyak informasi terkait fotografi bisa didapatkan secara gratis dalam bentuk artikel dan video. Artikel ini adalah bagian dari seri dasar fotografi, yang disediakan oleh Photography Life secara gratis untuk semua orang.
8. for informing events in the past.
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